Researchers at the University of Missouri have identified a communication breakdown between nerves and muscles in mice that may provide new insight into the debilitating and fatal human disease known as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
“Critical communication occurs at the point where nerves and muscles ‘talk’ to each other,” said Michael Garcia, associate professor of biological sciences in the College of Arts and Science and the Bond Life Sciences Center. “When this communication between nerves and muscles is disrupted, muscles do not work properly. In this study, we found that delivery of ‘the words’ a nerve uses to communicate with muscles was disrupted before they arrived at the nerve ending.”
This would be similar to the idea of someone opening his or her mouth to talk, but nothing comes out. The words are not there, so no communication is transmitted to the other person.
SMA is caused by a protein deficiency present in all cells, including motor neurons.
According to Garcia, this discovery may also shed light on other diseases involving motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s disease), and dysfunctions of the synapses, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
SMA is characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles. While a person’s intellect is unaffected, this progressive disease slowly robs the body of its ability to walk, stand, sit and eventually move at all. Currently, no cure or effective treatment exists for SMA.
“Moving involves an intricate system of communication between the brain, peripheral nerves and muscles,” Garcia said. “Motor neurons facilitate this communication through a complex series of chemical signals. If the communication system breaks down, the motor neuron will stop working and muscle activity ceases. By learning where the system breaks down, perhaps we can target treatments that prevent the break down in the system.”
Results from this study were published in a report in the September 2011 issue of ACTA Neuropathology. Garcia co-authored the report with Jeffrey M. Dale, Devin M. Barry, Virginia Garcia, Ferrill Rose, Jr. and Christian Lorson, all from MU.