Ray Wright wasn’t sure what he would find several months ago when he drained a quarter-acre pond at MU’s Bradford Research and Extension Center 11 miles east of Columbia.
Four months earlier, at the beginning of June, the MU research specialist had stocked the pond with 4,000 juvenile freshwater prawns bought from a Texas hatchery. Freshwater prawns are a species of shrimp native to Malaysia, which has a tropical climate.
Summer and fall had been cool in Missouri this year. Raccoons and frogs were using the pond as an all-you-can-eat buffet. How many prawns had survived, and how big were they? Wright wouldn’t know until the pond was more than half-empty.
“There’s a tremendous amount of risk involved,” he says. “Corn and beans-Missouri farmers know how to grow them. They know the risks and they know how to manage them.”
When it comes to raising seafood in Missouri, however, producers are still learning what works and what doesn’t. “With prawns, when the temperature goes below 60, you’ve lost your crop,” Wright says. “You don’t want to learn that after you’ve invested $10,000. You want someone else to learn that, so you know that when the temperature gets in that range, it’s time to get the prawns out.”
“Raising aquatic species for profit is an agricultural endeavor that requires special skills, knowledge and dedication to be successful,” says Charles Hicks, aquaculture specialist at Lincoln University.
“The focus is on practical, cost-effective techniques for raising species such as prawns, bluegill sunfish and largemouth bass for food markets in the Midwest,” says Bob Pierce, MU Extension fisheries and wildlife specialist.
The United States imports more than 80 percent of its seafood. At the same time, Americans are increasingly interested in fresh, locally grown food. Can Missouri help meet the demand for domestic fish and shellfish?
The state has more than 300,000 acres of farm ponds, notes Leslie Hearne, an MU graduate student in fisheries and wildlife sciences. Those ponds could become a rich source of protein and profit, she says.
Hearne is doing research at Lincoln University’s Carver Farm, which has an aquaculture facility that includes more than 20 quarter-acre and tenth-acre ponds as well as indoor tanks for breeding and hatching fingerlings.
“We’re trying to develop a fast-growing strain of bluegill that can get to market in less than two years,” she says. Bluegill, a native sunfish common to Missouri farm ponds, typically take about three years to grow to a marketable weight of about half a pound.
Researchers also are developing diets and feeding schedules to maximize bluegill growth while minimizing the amount of food they need. According to Pierce, reducing the cost of producing marketable food-grade bluegill could make the fish a competitive local alternative to popular aquaculture species such as tilapia.
Keeping costs down was why Wright took a mostly low-tech approach to his freshwater prawn project. “We don’t want to spend $10,000 to $20,000 on aeration systems and meters even though it might help, because most farms are not going to have that,” he says.
Wright knew he was cutting it close with his late-September harvest, so he was relieved when prawns started gushing out of the pond’s outlet pipe by the dozen. He ended up collecting more than 2,700 prawns, which were packed in ice, shipped to the MU campus and served that night to hundreds of students who had the rare opportunity to enjoy fresh-caught Missouri seafood.